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La parakinésie brachiale oscitante
Yawning: its cycle, its role
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Fetal yawning assessed by 3D and 4D sonography
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La parakinésie brachiale oscitante
Yawning: its cycle, its role
Warum gähnen wir ?
 
Fetal yawning assessed by 3D and 4D sonography
Le bâillement foetal
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mystery of yawning 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

mise à jour du
21 janvier 2023
 The Neurohospitalist
2024;14(1):104-105
Scholarpedia
Parakinesia Brachialis Oscitans
and Excessive yawning From Tumefactive Demyelination
Tsai C-C, Lee JD, Chen T.
The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, Canada

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Abstract
The authors present a case and video of a 31-year-old man with biopsy-confirmed tumefactive demyelination affecting the right internal capsule causing left hemiplegia, excessive yawning, and the curious but well described phenomenon of parakinesia brachialis oscitans (PBO) with transient tonic elevation of his paralyzed arm while yawning. PBO is most commonly reported in ischemic stroke with internal capsule or pontomedullary brainstem lesions. Our case uniquely demonstrates this phenomenon in the case of tumefactive demyelination. They also highlight excessive yawning which has also been described in multiple sclerosis.
 
Résumé
Les auteurs présentent le cas avec sa vidéo d'un homme de 31 ans atteint d'une démyélinisation tumorale confirmée par biopsie touchant la capsule interne droite et provoquant une hémiplégie gauche, des bâillements excessifs et le curieux phénomène, bien décrit, de la parakinésie brachiale oscitante (PBO) avec une élévation tonique transitoire de son bras paralysé pendant qu'il bâille. La parakinésie brachiale oscitante est le plus souvent rapportée dans les accidents vasculaires cérébraux ischémiques avec des lésions de la capsule interne ou du tronc cérébral pontomédullaire. Leur cas démontre de manière unique ce phénomène dans le cas d'une démyélinisation tumorale. Ils soulignent également que des bâillements excessifs ont également été décrits au cours de la sclérose en plaques.
 
parakinesie
 
A 31-year-old previously healthy male presented to hospital with five days of progressive left-sided ataxic hemiparesis two weeks after upper respiratory tract infection. Examination demonstrated left hemiplegia. MRI revealed mass-like abnormality involving deep right subcortical white matter.
 
Lumbar puncture showed lymphocytic pleocytosis (15 cells/uL) with oligoclonal banding.
 
Stereotactic biopsy revealed focal demyelination without histopathological evidence of lymphoproliferation or vasculitis.
 
He initially had frequent yawning with concomitant transient tonic elevation of his paralyzed arm. Parakinesia brachialis oscitans (PBO) is mostly reported in ischemic stroke with internal capsule or pontomedullary brainstem lesions. It is thought to involve release of subcortically regulated automatisms from cortical inhibition. It is proposed that strong contraction of respiratory muscles during yawning generates proprioceptive signals reaching the anterior horn cells of C4-C8, resulting in involuntary movement of the affected upper limb.
 
Cortical release may also lead to excessive yawning seen in patients with multiple sclerosis. Yawning is postulated to modulate cortisol levels, signal brain cooling, and promote clearing of cerebrospinal fluid into central venous structures. Yawning is also thought to be the somatization of a disinterested emotional state, leading to upper limb stretching movements via reticulospinal tracts. Insufficient detection of cortisol levels in stroke may result in the failure of the brainstem to respond to changes in cortisol level, preventing the inhibition of arm movement.
 
This video uniquely demonstrates excessive yawning and PBO in a patient with tumefactive demyelination. Following high-dose intravenous corticosteroids and mitoxantrone, he had complete motor recovery which was sustained at 18-month follow up.
 
References
 
1. Walusinski O, Bogosslavsky J, Neau JP. Hand up ! yawn and raise your arm. The International Journal of Stroke 2010;5(1):21-27.
 
2. Chowdhury A, Datta AK, Biswas S, Biswas A. Parakinesia Brachialis Oscitans &endash; a Rare Post-Stroke Phenomenon. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements. 2022; 12(1): 6.
 
3. Ertekin C, Bulbul NG, Uludag IF, Tiftikcioglu BI, Arici S, Gurgor N. Electrophysiological association of spontaneous yawning and swallowing. Exp Brain Res. 2015;233(7):2073-80
 
4. Isis Claire Z.Y. Lim, Shermyn Neo. Parakinesia Brachialis Oscitans: Old Sign, New Findings. Stroke 2022;53:e60-e62.