- Andrew
                     C. Gallup
 
                     
                     - at Princeton
                     University
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                       
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - Andrew
                     C. Gallup 
 
                     
                     - Psychology
                     Department, SUNY College at Oneonta, NY, United
                     States
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     at FICY, Paris june
                     2010
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2003
 
                     
                     - -Platek
                     SM, Critton SR, Myers TE, Gallup GG.
                     Contagious yawning: the role of self-awareness
                     and mental state attribution Cogn Brain Res
                     2003;17(2):223-227 Contagious yawning: the role
                     of self-awareness and mental state attribution.
                     Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2003;17:223-7.
 
                     
                     - 2008
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Gallup G. Yawning as a brain cooling
                     mechanism: nasal breathing and forehead cooling
                     diminish the incidence of contagious yawning.
                     Evolutionary Psychology www.epjournal.net;
                     2007;5(1): 92-101
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2009
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Gallup GG Jr. Yawning and
                     thermoregulation. Physiol Behav.
                     2008;95(1-2):10-16
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Gallup GG Jr Venlafaxine-induced
                     excessive yawning: a thermoregulatory connection
                     Prog Neuro Psychopharmacol Biol Pyschiatry
                     2009;33(4):747
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Gallup GG Jr. Medical implications of
                     excessive yawning in relation to
                     thermoregulatory dysfunction. Eur J Neurol.
                     2009;16(6):e120.
 
                     
                     - -Miller
                     ML, Gallup AC et al. Handling stress
                     initially inhibits, but then potentiates yawning
                     in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Animal
                     Behav 2009;77(1):109-113
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Miller ML, Clark AB Yawning and
                     thermoregulation in budgerigars Melopsittacus
                     undulatus Animal Behav 2009;77(1):109-113
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2010
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Gallup GG Jr, Feo C. Yawning, sleep, and
                     symptom relief in patients with multiple
                     sclerosis. Sleep Med. 2010;11(3):329-331
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     GG, Gallup AC. Excessive yawning and
                     thermoregulation: two case histories of chronic,
                     debilitating bouts of yawning. Sleep Breath.
                     2010;14:157-159
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC. Yawning as a behavioral adaptation to
                     heat stress and water scarcity in white-faced
                     capuchins (Cebus capucinus). Am J Phys
                     Anthropol. 2010;142(4):670-61.
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC. A thermoregulatory behavior. Front
                     Neurol Neurosci. 2010;28:84-89.
 
                     
                     - -Shoup-Knox
                     ML, Gallup ac and al. Yawning and stretching
                     predict brain temperature changes in rats:
                     support for the thermoregulatory hypothesis.
                     Evolutionary neuroscience.
                     2010;2(9):a108:5p
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC. The thermoregulatory hypothesis of
                     yawning: Time to reconsider terms such as
                     "impossible" and "cannot" and evaluate theories
                     based on evidence. Sleep Med
                     2011;12(1):102-110
 
                     
                     - -Miller
                     ML, Gallup AC et al. Handling stress
                     initially inhibits, but then potentiates yawning
                     in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Animal
                     Behaviour. 2010;80(4):615-619.
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2011
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC. Why do we yawn? Primitive versus derived
                     features. Neurosci Biobehav Rev.
                     2011;35(3):765-9
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Eldakar OT. Contagious yawning and
                     seasonal climate variation. Frontiers in
                     Evolutionary Neuroscience. 2011;3:3
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC. Excessive yawning and thermoregulatory
                     dysfunction. Sleep Breath 2011;15:271-273
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Miller RR, Clark AB. Changes in Ambient
                     Temperature Trigger Yawning But Not Stretching
                     in Rats. Ethology. 2011;117:145&endash;153
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Hack GD. Human paranasal sinuses and
                     selective brain cooling: A ventilation
                     system
 
                     
                     - activated by yawning? Med Hypotheses.
                     2011;77(6):970-973.
 
                     
                     - -Corey
                     TP, Shoup-Knox ML, Gordis EB, Gallup GG Jr.
                     Changes in Physiology before, during, and after
                     Yawning. Front Evol Neurosci.
                     2011;3(7):1-11
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2012
 
                     
                     - -Miller
                     ML, Gallup AC, Vogel AR, Vicario SM, Clark
                     AB. Evidence for contagious behaviors in
                     budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus): An
                     observational study of yawning and stretching.
                     Behav Processes. 2012;89(3):264-270
 
                     
                     - -Miller
                     ML, Gallup AC, Vogel AR, Clark AB. Auditory
                     disturbances promote temporal clustering of
                     yawning and stretching in small groups of
                     budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). J Comp
                     Psychol. 2012
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2013
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     A, Eldakar OT. The thermoregulatory theory
                     of yawning: what we know from over 5 years of
                     research. Front
                     Neurosci.2012;6:188
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     AC, Gallup JA. Frequent yawning as an
                     initial signal of fever relief. Med Hypotheses.
                     2013
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2014
 
                     
                     - Massen
                     JJM, Dusch K, Eldakar OT, Gallup AC. A
                     Thermal Window for Yawning in Humans: Yawning as
                     a Brain Cooling Mechanism. Physiology Behavior
                     2014;130:145-8.
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     AC. Abnormal yawning in stroke patients: the
                     role of brain thermoregulation. Front Neurosci.
                     2014 Sep 17;8:300
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2015
 
                     
                     - Eldakar
                     OT, Dauzonne M, Prilutzkaya Y, Garcia D, Thadal
                     C, Gallup AC. Temperature-Dependent in
                     Self-Reported Contagious Yawning. Adaptive Human
                     Behavior and Physiology. 2015;1(2).
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     AC, Swartwood L, Militello J, Sackett S.
                     Experimental evidence of contagious yawning in
                     budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Anim
                     Cogn. 2015;18(5):1051-158
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     AC, Church AM. The effects of intranasal
                     oxytocin on contagious yawning. Neuroscience
                     Letters 2015;607:13-16
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     AC, Clark AB Commentary: yawning, acute
                     stressors, and arousal reduction in Nazca booby
                     adults and nestlings. Fontiers in Psychology 29
                     october 2015
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     AC. Ambient temperature modulates yawning.
                     Adap Hum Behav Physiol 2015, in press
 
                     
                     - Massen
                     JJM, Church AM and Gallup AC. Auditory
                     Contagious Yawning in Humans: An Investigation
                     into Affiliation and Status Effects. Front.
                     Psychol. 2015;6:1735.
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2016
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     A, Church AM, Miller H, Risko EF, Kingstone
                     A. Social Presence Diminishes Contagious
                     Yawning in the Laboratory. Sci Rep
                     2016;6:25045.
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     A. Ambient temperature modulates yawning.
                     Temperature. 2016;3(1):23&endash;24.
 
                     
                     - Massen
                     JJ, Slipogor V, Gallup AC. An Observational
                     Investigation of Behavioral Contagion in Common
                     Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): Indications for
                     Contagious Scent-Marking. Front Psychol.
                     2016;7:1190.
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     A, Massen JJ. There is no difference in
                     contagious yawning between men and women. Royal
                     Society 7 september 2016
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     AC, Church AM, Pelegrino AJ. Yawn duration
                     predicts brain weight and cortical neuron number
                     in mammals. Biol Lett. 2016;12(10)
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2017
 
                     
                     - Eguibar
                     JR, Uribe CA, Cortes C, Bautista A, Gallup
                     AC. Yawning reduces facial temperature in
                     the high-yawning subline of Sprague-Dawley rats.
                     BMC Neurosci. 2017;18(1):3.
 
                     
                     - Eldakar
                     OT, Tartar JL, Garcia D, Ramirez V, Dauzonnel M,
                     Armani Y, Gallup AC. Acute Physical Stress
                     Modulates the Temporal Expression of
                     Self-Reported Contagious Yawning in Humans.
                     Adaptative Human Behavior and Physiology
                     2017
 
                     
                     - Massen
                     JJM, Gallup AC. Why contagious yawning does
                     not (yet) equate to empathy. Neurosci Biobehav
                     Rev. 2017;80:573-585.
 
                     
                     - Marraffa
                     A, Lekander M , Solsjö P, Olsson MJ,
                     Lasselin J, Axelsson J. Yawning, a
                     thermoregulatory mechanism during fever? A study
                     of yawning frequency and its predictors during
                     experimentally induced sickness. Physiol Behav
                     2017
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     A, Herron E, Militello J, Swartwood L, Cortes C,
                     Eguibar J. Thermal imaging reveals sizable
                     shifts in facial temperature surrounding yawning
                     in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus).
                     Temperature 2017;4(4):xxxxx
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2019
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     AC, Vasilyev D, Anderson N, Kingstone A.
                     Contagious yawning in virtual reality is
                     affected by actual, but not simulated, social
                     presence. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):294-304.
 
                     
                     - Ramirez
                     V, Ryan CP, Eldakar OT, Gallup AC.
                     Manipulating neck temperature alters contagious
                     yawning in humans. Physiol Behav.
                     2019;207:86-89
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2020
 
                     
                     - Gallup
                     AC, Moscatello L, Massen JJM. Brain weight
                     predicts yawn duration across domesticated dog
                     breeds. Curr Zool. 2020;66(4):401-405
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2021
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     A. Meyers K. Seeing others yawn selectively
                     enhances vigilance: an eye-tracking study of
                     snake detection. Animal Cognition 2021
 
                     
                     - -Massen
                     JJM, Hartlieb M, Martin JS, Leitgeb EB, Hockl J,
                     Kocourek M, Olkowicz S, Zhang Y, Osadnik C,
                     Verkleij JW, Bugnyar T, N_mec P, Gallup AC.
                     Brain size and neuron numbers drive differences
                     in yawn duration across mammals and birds.
                     Commun Biol. 2021;4(1):503. doi:
                     10.1038/s42003-021-02019-y.
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Kret ME, Eldakar OT, Folz J, Massen JJM.
                     People that score high on psychopathic traits
                     are less likely to yawn contagiously. Sci Rep.
                     2021 Dec 10;11(1):23779.
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2022
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     A. The causes and consequences of yawning in
                     animal groups. Animal Behavior 187 (2022)
                     209e219
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     AC, Schild AB, Ühlein MA, Bugnyar T, Massen
                     JJM. No Evidence for Contagious Yawning in
                     Juvenile Ravens (Corvus corax): An Observational
                     Study. Animals (Basel).
                     2022;12(11):1357. 
 
                     
                     - -Gallup
                     A, Wozny S. Interspecific Contagious Yawning
                     in Humans. Animals (Basel) 2022;12(15):1908
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2023
 
                     
                     - -Gallup A. On
                     the link between rapid eye movement sleep and
                     yawning Sleep
                     and Breathing 2023
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - 2025
 
                     
                     - -Kotake
                     KT, Yamaguchi ST, Mukai Y, Zhou Z, Norimoto
                     H. Yawning and Its Temperature-Dependent
                     Modulation in Leopard Geckos. Zoolog Sci.
                     2025;42(1).
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - On
                     discussion
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     - -de
                     Castro Siqueira L. Yawning and
                     thermoregulation in budgerigars: lack of support
                     from results. Animal Behaviour
                     2009;78(6):e1-e2
 
                     
                     - -Elo
                     H.Yawning and thermoregulation. Sleep
                     Breath. 2010;14(4):391-2.
 
                     
                     - -Elo
                     H. Yawning cannot cause significant
                     temperature decreases in humans. Sleep Med.
                     2011;12(1):102
 
                     
                     - -Guggisberg
                     AG, Mathis J et al.Why do we yawn? The
                     importance of evidence for specific yawn-induced
                     effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev.
                     2011;35(3):765-9
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                     
                        
                           
                              
                                 - Measuring
                                 brain temperature without a
                                 thermometer
 
                                 
                                 - David Papo
 
                                 
                                 - Front
                                 Physiol
 
                                 
                                 - 2014;5:124.
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - Brain
                                 Temperature & Autonomic Nervous
                                 System for
                                 the study of relaxation
 
                                 
                                 - A. Dittmar, C. Gehin, A.
                                 Oliveira, B. R. Nocua, E.
                                 McAdams
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - L'échelle
                                 mésoscopique est une
                                 échelle intermédiaire
                                 entre l'échelle
                                 microscopique, qui
                                 caractérise les atomes ou les
                                 molécules, et
                                 l'échelle macroscopique.
 
                               
                            | 
                           
                              
                                 - Cerebral
                                 temperature, what else
                                 ?
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - Temperature has profound effects
                                 on a wide range of parameters of
                                 neural activity at various
                                 scales.
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - At the cell level, ionic
                                 currents, membrane potential, input
                                 resistance, action potential
                                 amplitude, duration and propagation,
                                 and synaptic transmission have all
                                 been shown to be affected by
                                 temperature variations.
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - At mesoscopic scales of neural
                                 activity, temperature changes can
                                 steer network activity toward
                                 different functional regimes,
                                 affecting the duration, frequency
                                 and firing rate of activated states
                                 during slow frequency oscillations,
                                 and the ability to end these
                                 states.
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - Temperature also has a
                                 substantial effect on chemical
                                 reaction rates, and affects the
                                 blood oxygen saturation level by
                                 changing haemoglobin affinity for
                                 oxygen. Furthermore, cooling reduces
                                 metabolic processes, and has been
                                 used to silence cortical areas to
                                 study their function.
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                   
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - Impact
                                 sur la physiologie
                                 cérébrale des
                                 variations de la température
                                 cérébrale
                                 
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - Les variations de la
                                 température
                                 cérébrale a
                                 d'importants effets sur une large
                                 gamme de paramètres de
                                 l'activité neuronale à
                                 différentes
                                 échelles.
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - Au niveau cellulaire, les
                                 courants ioniques, le potentiel
                                 membranaire (pompe Na/K) l'amplitude
                                 du potentiel d'action, la
                                 durée et la propagation et la
                                 transmission synaptique sont tous
                                 affectés par les variations
                                 de température.
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - A des échelles
                                 mésoscopiques de
                                 l'activité neuronale, les
                                 changements de température
                                 modifient l'activité
                                 fonctionnelle des réseaux
                                 neuronaux, affectant la
                                 durée, la fréquence et
                                 l'état d'activation, en
                                 particulier des ondes lentes
                                 à l'ECG.
 
                                 
                                 -  
 
                                 
                                 - La température a
                                 également un effet important
                                 sur le nombre de réaction
                                 chimique au sein du neurone et de la
                                 glie, et affecte le niveau de
                                 saturation du sang en oxygène
                                 en modifiant l'affinité de
                                 l'hémoglobine pour
                                 l'oxygène. En outre, le
                                 refroidissement réduit les
                                 processus métaboliques, et a
                                 été utilisé
                                 pour réduire
                                 l'activité d'aires corticales
                                 afin d'étudier leurs
                                 fonctions.
 
                               
                            | 
                         
                      
                      
                     
                     -  
 
                     
                       
                     
                     
                   
                |