- Insular
and caudate lesions release abnormal yawning in
stroke patients. Krestel H, Weisstanner C,
Hess CW, Bassetti CL, Nirkko A, Wiest R. Brain
Struct Funct. 2014
- Concurrence
of Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis and Parakinesia
Brachialis Oscitans in a Patient with
Hemorrhagic Stroke. Wu et al. Case Rep Med.
2013;2013:519808
- Parakinesia
brachialis oscitans during thrombolytic
therapy. Zorzetto FP, Braatz VL, Walusinski
O, Teive HA. BMJ Case Rep. 2013
- Hand
up! Yawn and raise your arm. Walusinski O,
Neau JP, Bogousslavsky J. The International
Journal of Stroke 2010;5(1):21-27
- Parakinesia
Brachialis Oscitants due Brainstem Sroke. Report
of two cases Teive H, Becker N, Munhoz RP.
Parkinson Rel Dis 2009;15(Supp 2):S154
- Amelioration
of pathological yawning after tracheostomy in a
patient with locked-in syndrome Chang CC et
al. Europ J Neurol 2008;15:e66-e67
- Yawning
in acute anterior circulation stroke Singer
OC, Humpich MC et al JNNP
2007;78(11):1253-1254
- Editorial
Commentaries O. Walusinski
JNNP
2007;78(11):1166
- Pathological
yawning as a presenting symptom of brainstem
ischemia in two patients Cattaneo L , L
Cucurachi, E Chierici, G Pavesi J Neurology,
Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry 2006;77(1):98-100
pdf
de cet article
- Yawning
: a behavior testifying arousal reinforcement
during brainstem stroke Response to cattaneo
by Walusinski O J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
published online 25 Sep 2005 PDF
de cette réponse
- Yawning
despite trismus in a patient with locked-in
syndrome caused by a thrombosed
megadolichobasilar artery Krasnianski M et
al Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
2003;106;1:44-46
- Yawning in a case
with transsecting glioma of the pons
Geschwend J Fortschr. Neurol.
Psychiat1977;45:652-655
- The
opercular syndrome - diagnostic trap in facial
paralysis Crumley RL The laryngoscope
1979;89:361-365
- Involuntary motor
phenomena in the locked-in syndrome Bauer G
et al J. Neurol 1980;223:191-198
- Stimulus
evoked oral automatismsin the locked-in
syndrome Bauer G et al Arch Neurol
1982;39:435-436
- Syndrome
de Foix Chavany Marie d'origine traumatique
Laurent-Vannier A Rev Neurol 1999; 155; 5;
387-390
- Bilateral
anterior operculum syndrome Billeth R,
Jorgler E, Baumhackl U Nervenarzt
2000;71(8):651-654
- Dissociated
preservation of automatic-voluntary jaw
movements in a patient with biopercular and
unilateral pontine infarcts Ghika J, F
Vingerhoets, J Bogousslavsky Eur Neurol
2003;50:185-188
- Locked-in
syndrome Case report M Krasnianski, C Gaul,
S Neudecker, C Behrmann, A Schlüter, M
Winterholler Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
2003;106(1):44-46
- Sulkava
R, Kovanen J. Locked-in syndrome with rapid
recovery: a manifestation of basilar artery
migraine? Headache 1983;2 3:238-239
- La
diplegie faciale cérébraIe (forme
corticale de la paralysie pseudo-bulbaire)
Alajouanine T, Thurel R Rev.
Neurol1932;38:516-517
- Le
Syndrome operculaire unilatéral avec
atteinte controlatérale du territoire des
V, VII, IX, XI, XIIe nerfs craniens
Alajouanine T et al Rev. Neurol1959; 101;
168-171
- Le
syndrome operculaire unilatéral d'origine
vasculaire Pertuiset B, F Perrier Rev Neurol
1960;103:63-64
- Le
syndrome operculaire unilatéral d'origine
vasculaire Boudin G, B Pépin, JP
Wiart Rev Neurol 1960;103:65
-
- Nouvelle
observation de bâillement convulsif
périodique Liecey Le Courrier
Médical 1879
- Associated
movements in hemiplegia : their origin and
physiological significance Thomson HC Brain
1903; 26; 515-523
- Etude
sur les pandiculations automatique des
hémiplégiques M Bertolotti
1905
- Mouvements
involontaires dans les membres
paralysés Pierre Marie et
André Léri 1911
- On certain tonic or
postural reflexes in hemiplegia with special
reference to the so called "associated
movements" Walshe 1923
- Is yawning a
brainstem phenomenon ? Wimalaratana HS,
Capildeo R. A stroke patient who stretched his
hemiplegic arm during yawning Lancet 1988; 1;
8580; 300
- Assoctiated
reactions in the hemiplegic arm, Graham
Mulley Scand J Rehab Med 1982; 14; 117-120
- A single
report of an hemiplegic arm stretching related
to yawning Blin O, Rasol O, Azulay JP,
Serratrice G J of neurological sciences 1994;
126; 225-227
- Yawning: a
possible confounding variable in EMG
biofeedback Oman RE.
- The yawning
and stretching sign in hemiplegics Lanari A,
Delbono O. Medicina (B Aires), 1983; 43; 3;
355-6
- Paroxysmal
kinesigenic dystonia associated with a medullary
lesion Riley DE. Mov Disord 1996; 11; 6;
738-40 & Mov Disord. 1997; 12; 5; 819
- Involuntary
stretching during yawning in patients with
pyramidal tract lesions: further evidence for
the existence of an independent emotional motor
system Topper R. European J Neurology 2003;
10; 495-499
- Parakinesia
Brachialis Oscitants due Brainstem Sroke. Report
of two cases Teive H, Becker N, Munhoz RP.
Parkinson Rel Dis 2009;15(Supp 2):S154
- Elévation
involontaire du membre supérieur chez
l'hémiplégique lors d'un
bâillement, appelée
hémipandiculation la
thèse du Dr Etienne Quoirin (Professeur
JP. Neauseptembre 2002 Poitiers ) Télécharger
pdf
- Hand
up! Yawn and raise your arm. Walusinski O,
Bogosslavsky J, Neau JP. The International
Journal of Stroke 2010;5(1):21-27
- Comprendre
avec l'aide de K Ezure la coordination
respiration - marche
- Convergence
of central respiratory and locomotor rhythms
onto single neurons of the lateral reticular
nucleus Ezure K, Tanaka I Exp Brain Res1997;
113; 2; 230-242
-
Hemipandiculation
or brachial-parakinesis (the
continuation)
-
- A variety of associated movements have been
described in patients with pyramidal tract
lesions. R.
Topper et al. report three patients
in whom involuntary stretching of an otherwise
plegic arm could be observed during yawning.
These patients had radiologically verified
lesions at different levels of the pyramidal
tract. As yawning and stretching are an
automatic behavioural pattern in animals, it is
likely that stretches during yawning in man are
also an automatic motor pattern, usually
inhibited in the presence of an intact
corticospinal tract.
-
- R. Topper propose that yawning might be the
somatomotor manifestation of a particular
emotional state characterized by boredom and
fatigue. For him, the observation that movements
of an otherwise plegic arm occur in patients
with pyramidal tract lesions supports therefore
the concept of an hypothetical "emotional motor
system" which has an independent input to
motoneurones in the brainstem and the spinal
cord.
-
- Ezure
K. and Tanaka I. propose an other
explication. They study the behavior of neurons
of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) during
fictive respiration and locomotion and found
that some LRN neurons have both central
respiratory and locomotor rhythms. This
information about central respiratory and
locomotor rhythms that is necessary for
cerebellar control of the coordination between
respiration and locomotion converges, at least
partly, at the level of the LRN. When the
pyramidal tract is disrupted, this
phylogenetically older center will recover a
part of autonomy.
-
- "From these observation it may be concluded
that stretching during yawning is an automatic
motor pattern that is usually inhibited in the
presence of intact corticobulbar fibres in man.
When the corticobulbar systems have been injured
this automatic motor pattern appears in a
stereotyped fashion."
-
- Kazuhisa
Ezure write to me : « I remember an old
paper (T. Tokizane et al. Jpn J Physiol 2
(1952), 232-247). They recorded EMGs in humans
during respiration, and reported that the
triceps muscle receives subliminal inspiratory
inputs from the respiratory center. If their
observation is correct, this pathway may
participate in the arm movement during yawning,
at least more directly than the neurons of the
lateral reticular nucleus. There may be more
modern studies about subliminal respiratory
inputs to limb muscles: unfortunately, however,
I don't have information. Finally I should
mention that there are many spinal projections
from the medullary respiratory center, and many
of them remain to be studied. It is not
surprising if limb motoneurons receive
subliminal excitation or inhibition from such
pathways.»
-
- Hémipandiculation
ou parakinésie brachiale
(la
suite)
-
- Certains patients manifestent des mouvements
variés, associés à des
lésions de la voie pyramidale. R.
Toppert et son équipe rapportent
trois observations où l'on retrouve une
élévation involontaire du bras
paralysé, au cours
d'hémiplégie. Des lésions,
situées à des niveaux variables,
étaient démontrées par
imagerie cérébrale. Comme le
bâillement, l'étirement est un
comportement involontaire retrouvé aussi
bien chez l'homme que chez l'animal.
L'étirement peut être inhibé
par la volonté alors que seul le
déroulement du bâillement peut
être volontairement modulé.
-
- Le bâillement pourrait être une
manifestation somatomotrice caractérisant
un état particulier de somnolence ou de
fatigue. R. Topper popose que ces observations
de patients, mettant en mouvement leur bras
paralysé au cours
d'hémiplégie, pourraient
s'accorder avec le concept hypothétique
d'un "système moteur émotionnel",
stimulant le tronc cérébral et la
moelle.
-
- Ezure
K. and Tanaka I. proposent une autre
explication apparemment plus pertinente. Ils ont
étudié l'activité des
neurones d'un noyau de la formation
réticulaire latérale, situé
en dessous du noyau dorsal du vague. Ils ont
montré que certains neurones de ce noyau
s'activent rythmiquement lors de la marche et de
la respiration, de façon synchrone. Ces
informations sont nécessaires pour le
contrôle, notamment
cérébelleux, de la coordination
marche-respiration. Quand la voie pyramidale est
coupée, ce noyau
phylogénétiquement plus ancien
redeviendrait actif de façon autonome,
synchronisant élévation du bras et
ample inspiration, rappelant que chez les
quadrupèdes, respiration et foulée
de course sont synchronisées.
-
- Kazuhisa
Ezure m'écrit « je me souviens
d'un ancien papier (T. Tokizane et al. Jpn J
Physiol 2 (1952), 232-247) décrivant
l'enregistrement EMG, chez l'homme, d'activation
subliminale du triceps pendant la respiration.
Si vos observations sont correctes, cette voie
peut participer à la mobilisation du bras
pendant un bâillement, en fait plus
directement que par l'intermédiaire des
neurones du noyau réticulaire
latéral. Je n'ai hélas pas
d'information plus précise. Enfin, je
dois préciser qu'il existe plusieurs
projections de la moelle vers le centre
respiratoire pontique et que beaucoup restent
à explorer. Il n'est pas surprenant que
les motoneurones des membres recoivent des
influx subliminaux excitateurs ou inhibiteurs
par ces voies.»
- Respiratory
and locomotor patterns
- 1983 Bramble, D. M. and D. R. Carrier
(1983). "Running
and breathing in mammals." Science
219(4582): 251-6.
- 1983 Fugl-Meyer, A. R., H. Linderholm, et
al. (1983). "Restrictive
ventilatory dysfunction in stroke: its relation
to locomotor function." Scand J Rehabil Med
Suppl 9: 118-24.
- 1986 Viala, D. (1986). "Evidence
for direct reciprocal interactions between the
central rhythm generators for spinal
"respiratory" and locomotor activities in the
rabbit." Exp Brain Res 63(2): 225-32.
- 1988 Persegol, L., M. Jordan, et al.
(1988). "Evidence
for central entrainment of the medullary
respiratory pattern by the locomotor pattern in
the rabbit." Exp Brain Res 71(1):
153-62.
- 1989 Richard, C. A., T. G. Waldrop, et
al. (1989). "The
nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis modulates
the cardiopulmonary responses to central and
peripheral drives related to exercise."
Brain Res 482(1): 49-56.
- 1991 Persegol, L., M. Jordan, et al.
(1991). "Evidence
for the entrainment of breathing by locomotor
pattern in human." JPhysiol (Paris) 85(1):
38-43.
- 1992 Greer, J. J., J. C. Smith, et al.
(1992). "Respiratory
and locomotor patterns generated in the fetal
rat brain stem-spinal cord in vitro." J
Neurophysiol 67(4): 996-9.
- 1992 Funk, G. D., J. D. Steeves, et al.
(1992). "Coordination
of wingbeat and respiration in birds. II.
"Fictive" flight." J Appl Physiol 73(3):
1025-33.
- 1994 Kawahara, K., Y. Yamauchi, et al.
(1994). "Interactions
between respiratory, cardiac and stepping
rhythms in decerebrated cats: functional
hierarchical structures of biological
oscillators." Methods Inf Med 33(1):
129-32.
- 1994 Romaniuk, J. R., S. Kasicki, et al.
(1994). "Respiratory
responses to stimulation of spinal or medullary
locomotor structures in decerebrate cats."
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Warsz) 54(1): 11-7.
- 1997 Funk, G., I. I. Valenzuela, et al.
(1997). "Energetic
consequences of coordinating wingbeat and
respiratory rhythms in birds." J Exp Biol
200(Pt 5): 915-20.
- 2002 Morin, D. and D. Viala (2002).
"Coordinations
of locomotor and respiratory rhythms in vitro
are critically dependent on hindlimb sensory
inputs." J Neurosci 22(11): 4756-65.
- 2003 Schomburg, E. D., H. Steffens, et
al. (2003). "Rhythmic
phrenic, intercostal and sympathetic activity in
relation to limb and trunk motor activity in
spinal cats." Neurosci Res 46(2):
229-40.
-
- Yawning
despite trismus in a patient with locked-in
syndrome caused by a thrombosed
megadolichobasilar
artery
- Michael
Krasnianski, at al. report a 62-year-old
woman with a locked-in syndrome with bilateral
masticatory spasms and persistent trismus, who
was still able to yawn. A vascular
malformation of the basilar artery mega-dolicho
basilar artery (fusiform anevrysm,
vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia) was determined
to be the underlying cause of this rare
combination of symptoms. A thrombus in the
megadolichobasilaris as well as an almost total
pontine infarction were demonstrated on CT- and
MRI-scans. Thus, trismus may be associated
with locked-in syndrome due to
megadolichobasilar artery thrombus, although
yawning is still possible.
-
- Persistance
de bâillements malgré un trismus
chez un patient atteint d'un locked-in syndrome
secondaire à une thrombose d'un
mégadolicho tronc
basilaire
-
- Michael
Krasnianski, at al. rapporte le cas d'un
femme de 62 ans victime d'un locked-in syndrome
présentant un spasme bilatéral des
muscles masticateurs, reponsable de trismus
lui permettant néanmoins de
bâiller. Elle souffrait d'une
malformation à type de mégadolicho
tronc basilaire (anévrysme fusiforme,
dolichoectasie vertèbrale) qui a
été considérée comme
responsable de cette rare combinaison de signes
cliniques. Une thrombose de ce tronc basilaire
malformé aboutit à un infarctus
total du Pont, visible sur le scanner et l'IRM.
Ainsi, le trismus peut-être un signe
apparaissant au cours du locked-in syndrome et
magré lui le bâillement reste
possible.
-
Dissociated
preservation of automatic-voluntary jaw
movements in a patient with biopercular and
unilateral pontine infarcts
- Ghika
J, F Vingerhoets, J
Bogousslavsky
- Eur Neurol 2003, 50;
185-188
-
 -
- «Automatic-voluntary dissociation of
orofaciolingual-pharyngeal motility is one of
the hallmarks of the biopercular Foix-Chavany-Marie
syndrome.
- [...]
- On detailed examination of jaw movement, he
could not open or close the jaw on order and
needed to help himself with his hand in order to
open or close his mouth. When asked to do so,
despite strenuous attempts of synkinesia, such
as opening of the eyelids, contracting the
frontalis muscle, or through movements of the
eyes, or retraction of the head backwards, his
mouth remained shut. Similarly, he was also
totally unable to cough on command. However, the
patient was found on several occasions with his
mouth wide open and movements of the inferior
facial muscles when yawning.»
-
- Persistance
d'une dissociation automatico-volontaire des
mouvements oro-mandibulaires chez un patient
atteint d'un syndrome bioperculaire et d'un
infarctus pontique
unilatéral
- Ghika
J, F Vingerhoets, J
Bogousslavsky
- Eur Neurol 2003, 50;
185-188
«La dissociation automatico-volontaire
de la motricité
oro-facio-linguo-pharyngée est un des
traits caractéristiques du syndrome
bioperculaire de Foix-Chavany-Marie.
- [...]
- A l'observation précise des
mouvements de la machoire, on s'aperçoit
qu'il ne peut ouvrir ou fermer la bouche, sur
ordre, et qu'il doit s'aider de ses mains pour
l'ouvrir ou la fermer. Quand on donne un tel
ordre, malgré les tentatives
d'activations syncinésiques comme ouvrir
les paupières, contracter les muscles
frontaux, mobiliser les yeux, fléchir le
cou en arrière, sa bouche reste
fermée. Il est également incapable
de tousser sur commande. Pourtant, le patient a
été vu à plusieurs reprises
avec la bouche grande ouverte, mobilisant les
muscles de la moitié inférieure de
son visage, lors de ses
bâillements...»
-
- Bibliography : Pierre
Marie (1853-1940), Charles
Foix (1882-1927)
-
- Référence publication princeps
(Julien Marie et non Pierre Marie)
- Diplégie facio-linguo-masticatrice
d'origine sous-corticale sans paralysie des
membres (contribution à l'étude de
la localisation des centres de la face, du
membre supérieur)
- C. Foix, J. A. Chavany, J. Marie
- Revue neurologique, Paris,
1926, 33: 214-219
-
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